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法院有权命令当事人将款项交存法院和支付该款项(香港案例)

202094日,在Hong Kong Karaoke Licensing Alliance Limited v Neway Music Limited [2020] HKCA 736一案中,香港高等法院原讼法庭(以下简称法院)认为,当旧《版权仲裁庭规则》被废除时,其中第22条规则以及所有与《仲裁条例》的直接联系和交叉援引被删除,申请人不能根据旧《版权仲裁庭规则》第22条和《仲裁条例》第452)条类比适用仲裁程序的相关救济(即申请临时措施)。在这种情况下,《高等法院》第22A号命令第11)条应予以适用,法院有权命令当事人将款项交存法院,并有权在对诉讼进行审讯或聆讯之前、之时或之后的任何时间作出命令支出该款项。因此,法院不准许对涉案决定提出上诉。

一、背景介绍

根据一项由原告运营的《计划》(the Scheme),原告是一个香港卡拉OK版权许可机构,就复制卡拉OK音乐录影带(KMV)颁发许可。被告Neway Music Limited是从事经营卡拉OK的专营店。20106月,被告向原告申请KMV牌照许可。然而,在获发牌照时,被告称有关条款不合理,并于201089日根据《版权条例》(第528章)第156条向版权审裁庭(the Copyright Tribunal)申请救济。

直到20191223日,版权审裁处才作出CT 2/2010号决定。审裁庭裁定的唯一问题是,原告根据《计划》就“旧曲目(back catalogue)”汇编所收取的牌照费,以及该汇编的牌照颁发和批准的条件是否不合理。审裁庭认定旧曲目汇编(back catalogue repertoire)的结构和费率合理,没有必要对《计划》作任何改动。审裁庭命令被告向原告支付201071日至2015630日期间的旧曲目版权许可费,并指示双方提供计算结果。

2012116日,在审裁庭的程序待决期间,原告在高等法院提交原诉传票,要求被告就其自201071日起复制及使用原告的KMV曲目向原告支付版权费暂计94,410,000美元或法院认可的金额。原告亦向法院寻求替代性救济,即在审裁庭的程序待决期间,要求被告将上述款项存入法院或者要求被告遵守《计划》的条款。

2013117日,L Chan法官作出判决,认为就根据《版权条例》第156条向版权审裁庭所申请的救济,审裁庭和法院都无权下达临时付款命令。虽然L Chan法官认定在审裁庭程序待决期间,《计划》所规定的版权费应当支付,但鉴于原告在原诉传票中所寻求的救济及所提供的证据,他仍不能命令被告根据《计划》的费用表向原告支付自201071日起的全部版权费。L Chan法官进一步认定,法院无权根据《仲裁条例》第452)条下达临时付款命令,因为《贸易法委员会示范法》第17条所指的“临时措施”不包括临时付款命令。

但是,毫无疑问,根据《贸易法委员会示范法》第17条,法院有权下令将款项交存法院。L Chan法官认为被告应向法院交存一笔合理的款项,“以确保其将根据版权审裁庭可能下达的命令按照《计划》向原告支付款项”。(L Chan J considered it appropriate the defendant should make payment of a reasonable sum into court to secure what it will have to pay the plaintiff per the licensing scheme as may be ordered by the Copyright Tribunal in CT 2/2010.L Chan法官认为应该每年为旧曲目支付500万美元。据此,被告于20131121日向法院交存2000万美元,于2014710日交存500万美元。

201716日,L Chan法官命令已支付给法院的2500万美元将继续由法院持有,“待CT 2/2010号的决定或直至法院作出进一步命令”。

在版权审裁庭作出决定后,原告于2020320日根据《高等法院规则》第22A号命令第11)条以及法院的固有管辖权提交传票,请求法院将被告交存法院的款项及所产生的利息支付给原告。202083日,M Chan法官作出涉案决定,支持了原告的申请。

202086日,被告对涉案决定提出上诉并请求对上诉进行紧急审理。812日,被告提交传票,请求在需要上诉许可的情况下提出上诉许可申请,且一同审理上诉许可申请和上诉申请。

二、法院认定

《高等法院规则》第22A号命令第1条规定:

1.留存在法院的款项(第22A号命令第1条规则)

1)在不抵触第22号命令第17条规则的情况下,如在一宗诉讼中,有任何款项缴存法院(不论是否按照第22号命令),则除非是依据一项法庭可在该宗诉讼进行审讯或聆讯之前、之时或之后的任何时间作出的命令,否则,不得支出该笔款项。

2)凡第(1)款所指的命令是在有关审讯或聆讯前作出,而留存在法院的款项是按照第22号命令作出的附带条款付款,则除在下述情况外,不得支出该笔款项——(a)该笔款项是就某讼案或诉讼因由而缴存,而缴存该笔款项是旨在了结该讼案或诉讼因由;或(b)支出的限度,限于该附带条款付款可依据第22号命令撤回或削减的程度。”

1.Money remaining in court (O. 22A, r. 1) (1)Subject to Order 22, rule 17, any money paid into court in an action (whether or not in accordance with Order 22) may  not be paid out except in pursuance of an order of the Court which may be made at any time before, at or after the trial or hearing of the action. (2)Where an order under paragraph (1) is made before the trial or hearing and the money in court is as anctioned payment made in accordance with Order 22, the money may not be paid out except (a) in satisfaction of the cause or causes of action in respect of which it was paid in; or (b) to the extent to which the sanctioned payment may be withdrawn or diminished pursuant to Order22.

被告对涉案决定提出异议的唯一前提是,法院根据《高等法院规则》第22A号命令无权将其交存法院的款项支付给原告。

法院首先处理的问题是上诉是否需要许可。在庭审中,被告律师承认对涉案决定的上诉需要获得许可。法院也确信该上诉需要获得法院的许可。在L Chan法官于201311月审理原诉传票时,旧《版权审裁庭规则》(第528C章)仍然有效,其中第22条规定,《仲裁条例》第452)条(即规定原讼法庭可应任何一方申请就仲裁程序批给临时措施)经必要修改适用于版权审裁庭的程序,如同适用于仲裁程序一样。因此,第73号命令第1条适用于根据《仲裁条例》第452)条提出的临时措施申请。旧规则已经被废除并被一套全新的《版权审裁庭规则》(第528D章)所取代,新规则已于201751日生效,旧规则第22条不复存在。根据自成一体的现行规则,所有与《仲裁条例》的直接联系和交叉援引已被删除。(When the originating summons was heard by L Chan J in November 2013, the former Copyright Tribunal Rules, Cap 528C were in force, rule 22 of which provided that section 45(2) of the Arbitration Ordinance applied with the necessary modifications to proceedings before the Copyright Tribunal as it applied to arbitral proceedings and hence Order 73 rule 1 applied to an application under section 45(2). The former Rules were repealed and replaced by a completely new set of Copyright Tribunal Rules, Cap 528D, which came into effect on 1 May 2017. Rule 22 of the former rules did not survive the repeal.  Under the current Rules, which are self-contained, all direct links and cross-references to the Arbitration Ordinance have been removed.

《高等法院条例》第14AA条规定:“(1)除法院规则另有规定外,任何人不得针对原讼法庭在任何民事讼案或事宜中作出的非正审判决或命令向上诉法庭提出上诉,但如原讼法庭或上诉法庭已批予上诉许可,则属例外。(2)法院规则可指明第(1)款不适用于任何订明类别的判决或命令,而针对有关判决或命令据此提出上诉属当然权利……”《高等法院规则》第59号命令第21条规定了《高等法院条例》第14AA(1)条不适用的判决及命令,其中第(i)项为根据第73号命令作出的命令(即根据《仲裁条例》提出申请的命令,但根据《仲裁条例》须有许可方可上诉反对的命令除外)。

根据上述规定,根据第73号命令作出的命令不适用《高等法院条例》第14AA条。换言之,除另有规定外,根据《仲裁条例》提出申请的命令不适用《高等法院条例》第14AA条,即对该命令的上诉无需许可。

原告于2020320日提交的传票并非根据《仲裁条例》第452)条及《高等法院规则》第73号令第1条作出,随着旧《版权审裁处规则》的废除,这两条规定与版权审裁处的程序不再相关。就该传票作出的命令不是根据《高等法院规则》第73号命令作出,也不属于第59号命令第211)(i)条的范围。由于这是一项临时命令,并没有根据第59号命令第21条的任一条款而被排除在《高等法院条例》(第4章)第14AA1)条的适用范围外,故对涉案决定的上诉需获得许可。(The plaintiffs summons issued on 20 March 2020 was not made under section 45(2) of the Arbitration Ordinance and Order 73 rule 1, which have ceased to be relevant.  The order made on this summonsis not an order under Order 73 and does not come within Order 59 rule 21(1)(i).  As this is an interlocutory order and is not excepted from the application of section 14AA(1) of the High Court Ordinance, Cap 4 by any provision in Order 59 rule 21, leave to appeal against the Decision is required.

在认定涉案决定的上诉需获得许可之后,法院根据《高等法院条例》第14AA4)条关于许可上诉的要求对许可上诉申请作出认定。根据《高等法院条例》第14AA4)条,“聆讯有关上诉许可申请的法庭除非信纳——(a)有关上诉有合理机会得直;或(b)有其他有利于秉行公正的理由,因而该上诉应进行聆讯,否则不得批予第(1)款所指的上诉许可”。被告有义务证明,拟提出上诉的胜诉前景不仅是幻想的,也不仅仅是说得过去的,虽然不要求其证明很可能胜诉。(Under section 14AA(4), leave to appeal shall not be granted unless the court hearing the application is satisfied that the appeal has a reasonable prospect of success, or there is some other reason in the interests of justice why the appeal should be heard.  It is incumbent on the defendant to show that the prospect of success of the intended appeal is more than fanciful or more than just arguable, without having to be probable.

被告的律师认为法院无权下达付款命令,虽然该命令是在第22号命令第11)条的幌子下下达,但在实质上和效果上要求向原告支付临时款项(interim payment)。被告的律师认为这属于一事不再理(res judicata)的情况,因为审裁处已经裁定法院不能根据旧《版权审裁庭规则》第22条和《仲裁条例》第452)条作出临时付款命令。原告试图绕过《仲裁条例》第452)条,要求通过两个阶段请求临时付款:首先根据第452)条寻求向法院交存款项的命令,然后根据第22号命令第11)条请求将留存法院的款项支出。(Mr Wong submitted this is a situation of res judicata, as the plaintiff is in effect asking for interim payment when L Chan J had already determined there is no jurisdiction to make such order under rule 22 of the former Copyright Tribunal Rules and section 45(2) of the Arbitration Ordinance. What the plaintiff has sought to do is to bypass section 45(2) by asking for interim payment in two stages: first seeking an order of payment into court under section 45(2), and then asking for payment out under Order 22A rule 1(1).

法院认为将将付款命令定性为在实质上和效果上属于中期付款命令是错误的。法院是在处理留存法院的款项的释放问题,法院有权在诉讼庭审之前、之时或之后的任何时间,根据第22号命令第11)条命令将留存法院的款项支出。另外,被告认为自L Chan法官的决定作出以来的法律立场未发生变化,法院认为该说法不正确。审裁处认定旧曲目汇编的结构和费率合理,并命令被告向原告支付201071日至2015630日期间的旧曲目版权许可费。许可费数额尚未确定的事实仅涉及是否释放留存在法院的款项,以及如果要释放,应该支出多少的问题。(It is wrong to characterise the order of payment out in this instance as in substance and effect an order forinterim payment.  For one thing, the court was dealing with the release of monies sitting in court, and is empowered under Order 22A rule 1(1) to order payment out of any money paid into court at any time before, at or after the trial or hearing of the action.  Nor is it correct to say there is no change in the legal position since the L Chan J Judgment, as plainly there is. The Tribunal had determined that the structure and the rates of the plaintiffs back catalogue of the Scheme are reasonable and ordered the defendant to pay the licence fees from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2015. The factt hat the quantum of the licence fees has yet to be determined goes merely to the discretion whether to release the monies remaining in court and if so how much should be paid out.

针对被告提出的不应支付许可费的观点,法院认为,被告已经根据《版权条例》第156条向版权审裁处申请救济,如L Chan法官所言,该申请涉及已在实施(而不是待实施)的《计划》的条款,在版权审裁处的程序待决期间须支付版权费。被告的最新立场似乎是之前没有提出过的新观点。

法院认为本案显然不存在一事不再理的问题。L Chan法官所决定的争议点在于是否应下令向法院交存款项,而M Chan法官所处理的问题是另一个争议点,即交存法院的款项是否应当支付给原告。(There is clearly no question of resjudicata. The issue that was determined in the L Chan J Judgment was whether interim payment alternatively payment into court should be ordered, whereas M Chan J was concerned with a different issue, namely, whether the monies paid into court should be released to the plaintiff.

此外,虽然与法院的决定无关,但当旧《版权仲裁庭规则》被废除时,第22条规则以及所有与《仲裁条例》的直接联系和交叉援引被删除,使得《仲裁条例》第452)条不再相关。随着旧规则第22条的废除,以及新规则中没有有关向法院交存款项的规定,第22A号命令第11)条应予以适用,赋予法院处理在诉讼中向法院交存款项的权力。不存在绕过《仲裁条例》第452)条的问题。(Further, although this is not material to our decision, section 45(2) of the Arbitration Ordinance ceased to be relevant when the former Rules were repealed, doing away with the old rule 22 and all direct links and cross-references to the Arbitration Ordinance. Withthe repeal of the old rule 22, and as there is no provision in the new Rules dealing with the release of money paid into court, Order 22A rule 1(1) should apply, conferring power on the court to deal with any money paid into court in an action.  There is no question of bypassing section 45(2).

法院认为,被告支付给法院的款项,明确属于第22号命令第11)条所指的“在一宗诉讼中,有任何款项缴存法院(不论是否按照第22号命令)”的范围,而法院有权“在该宗诉讼进行审讯或聆讯之前、之时或之后的任何时间”命令支出款项。

综上所述,被告辩称法院不具有下达付款命令的管辖权的主张没有合理的可辩论之处。法院也不认为存在其他有利于秉行公正的理由,因而该上诉应进行聆讯。因此,法院拒绝准许对涉案决定提出上诉。(The defendants contention that the order for payment out was made without jurisdiction is not reasonably arguable. Nor do we think there is any reason in the interests of justice why the intended appeal should be heard.  We therefore refused to grant leave to appeal from the Decision.

三、评论

本案涉及对版权仲裁庭所作决定的上诉是否需要许可,以及如果需要,是否应当许可上诉的问题。根据旧《版权仲裁庭规则》第22条,《仲裁条例》第452)条经必要修改适用于版权审裁庭的程序,即法院可以经当事人申请就版权审裁庭的程序批给临时措施。但旧《版权仲裁庭规则》被废除并被新《版权仲裁庭规则》所取代,而第22条以及所有与《仲裁条例》的直接联系和交叉援引被删除,因此申请人不能根据旧《版权仲裁庭规则》第22条和《仲裁条例》第452)条类比适用仲裁程序的临时措施救济。

法院在本案中阐明,在旧《版权仲裁庭规则》被废除后,《高等法院》第22A号命令第11)条应予以适用,法院有权下达命令要求当事人将款项交存法院作为担保,并有权在对诉讼进行审讯或聆讯之前、之时或之后的任何时间作出命令支出该款项。