2019年9月9日,在JITF Water Infrastructure Limited v MSME Commissionerate & 1 Other(s),C/SCA/11169/2018一案中,当事各方就“MSME专员”依据《微中小型企业发展法》(2006)(即“MSME法”)第18(3)条所规定仲裁程序作出的命令是否应当被撤销发生争议,对此,印度Gujarat高等法院作出认定:争议各方属于《微中小型企业发展法》规定的“买方”和“供应商”关系,故受其约束;经认定,“MSME专员”在本案中正确适用了MSME法中关于仲裁程序的相关规定,其作出的命令符合MSME法规定,故法院认定该命令不应受到干涉,驳回当事一方撤销命令的请求(“In view of the aforesaid, no interference is called for. The petition deserves to be and is hereby dismissed.”)。
一、案情介绍
本案原告JITF Water Infrastructure Limited(以下简称“原告”)为印度一家基础设施建造公司,与由被告二和另外几家公司组建的合资公司(Joint Venture)就当地水资源供应项目签订协议,由合资公司完成约定的工程项目。协议中仲裁条款约定:由合资公司推荐的最高院退休法官(Retired Supreme Court Judge)来担任双方争议的独任仲裁员。
2018年1月8日,由于合资公司未在按时完工,协议被终止。原告根据仲裁条款将双方争议提起仲裁,并主张由于合资企业无法推荐,应由其推荐的最高院退休法官来担任独任仲裁员。
在仲裁程序开始阶段,被告二根据《微中小型企业发展法》(Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act,以下简称“《MSMA法》”)相关规定将双方争议提交至被告一“微中小型企业专员”(MSME Commissionerate,即“MSME专员”)。根据《MSMA法》第18(2)条规定,当事各方进行了调解(Conciliation);调解失败后,又根据《MSMA法》第18(3)条,MSME专员作出《命令》(Order),决定将争议提交至“Gujarat工商会”(Gujarat Chamber of Commerce& Industry,GCCI)通过仲裁解决。
2018年6月30日,原告根据《印度宪法》第226条,向印度Gujarat高等法院请求撤销上述MSME专员作出的《命令》。
二、法院认定:MSME专员作出的《命令》符合《MSMA法》规定,法院无权干涉
关于MSME专员作出的《命令》是否应当被撤销的问题,原告主张:
(1)首先,协议当事双方为原告和合资公司,被告二虽然是合资公司组成成员,但其与合资公司是两个独立的实体;《MSMA法》第18条适用的前提是当事方之间的关系属于第17条规定的买方(Buyer)和供应商(Supplier)关系(“It is submitted that reference under section 18 is competent only if condition under section 17 is satisfied i.e. if there is relation of supplier and buyer between the parties. In the case of hand, without admitting the fact that Respondent No.2 is supplier within meaning of the Act, there is no relation between Respondent No.2 and Petitioner much less that of buyer and supplier.”)。在本案中,被告二不属于《MSMA法》第17条的供应商,被告二与原告之间不存在买方和供应商的关系,故MSME专员作出的《命令》不符合相关法律规定(“It is submitted that the order is a non-speaking order. It is cardinal rule of the law that quasi-judicial authority exercising its function must pass speaking order.”)。
(2)此外,根据《印度仲裁与调解法》(Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996)第7条和第18条规定,原告已根据其与合资企业仲裁协议开始仲裁程序,被告二与该仲裁协议无关,双方不符合第7条规定的强制条件(“In the facts of the present case, since relationship of supplier and buyer is lacking between Petitioner and Respondent No.2, there is no fulfillment of mandatory condition of Sec.7 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.”)。
(3)被告方利用MSMA程序阻碍双方争议解决,故相关命令应当被撤销(“Thus, order is without application of mind.”)。
被告则主张,一旦相关部门根据《MSMA法》第18(3)条作出命令,则1996年《印度仲裁与调解法》则适用于相关争议,如同根据该法第7(1)条规定进行的仲裁一样(“It is submitted that once the order is passed under Section 18(3) of the Act then the provision of Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 will apply to the dispute as if the arbitration was in pursuance of an arbitration agreement referred to in sub- section 1 of Section 7 of that Act.”);根据争议《命令》内容可知,相关争议应当提交至GCCI根据《MSMA法》第18(3)条进行仲裁,在本案中,根据《命令》,争议提交至GCCI,相关仲裁程序已开始。其次,关于争议主体问题,由于合资企业未进行登记注册,合资企业各组成公司均有权根据协议主张权利(“However, the fact is that the Aquafil JV is an unincorporated joint venture and, therefore, right can be claimed through their respective parties to the Agreement.”),故被告二的争议主体地位可以确认。
对此,法院认定如下:
首先,关于被告二的主体地位,法院认为,根据原告主张,其认可被告二与合资企业为相互独立实体,但二者都属于《MSMA法》约束对象(“As recorded earlier, the petitioner had accepted the JV of the two separate entities, viz. Aquafil Polymers Co. Pvt. Ltd. and Wintech Engineering Pvt. Ltd., both covered under the MSME Act independently.”);
其次,根据《MSMA法》第2(d)和(n)条对“买方”和“供应商”的规定可知,被告二符合第2(n)(iii)条对“供应商”(Supplier)的规定(“Considering the relationship between the petitioner and the respondent No.2 based on the agreement referred to hereinabove, the Court is of the view that insofar as the petitioner is concerned, respondent No.2 would fall in the definition of "supplier" as sub-clause (iii) of Clause-2(n).”);
最后,在本案中,《MSMA法》相关法律的适用是正确的,MSME专员作出的《命令》符合第18(2)条以及第18(3)条关于相关调解程序以及仲裁程序的适用也符合规定,故《命令》符合《MSMA法》,法院无权进行干涉(“In the instant case, in exercise of powers under Section 18(2), the council came to conclusion that the council itself is not in a position to reconcile the dispute and therefore, was left with option to refer the conciliation involved under Section 18(3).”“In view of the aforesaid, no interference is called for.”)。
综上,法院最终认定,原告关于撤销《命令》的请求被驳回。
三、评析
本案再次涉及到除《印度调解与仲裁法》(Arbitration and Conciliation Act以外的部分法,即《微中小型企业发展法》(Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act)对争议解决程序尤其是仲裁程序进行特别规定的情形。在本案中,一方当事人根据《印度调解与仲裁法》以及仲裁协议将争议提交至仲裁(但仲裁员委任主体存在争议);另一方则根据《微中小型企业发展法》第18条争议解决规定,尤其是第18(3)条将争议提交至当地工商会仲裁解决。对此,法院重点考虑了争议当事方的特殊关系,即属于《微中小型企业发展法》第2条下规定的“买方”和“供应商”关系,故该法下的18条具有优先适用地位,由于双方争议《命令》的作出符合该法18条规定,法院由此不应进行干涉。对此,我们可以再次注意下,在印度仲裁程序法律规定的适用上,特殊法优先于一般法。