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仲裁裁决发回重审后不符要求又被香港法院撤销 (香港案例)

2019724日,在P v M [2019] HKCFI 1864一案中,当事双方已就仲裁裁决的部分内容是否应当撤销这一争议提交至香港法院,法官Mimmie Chan J作出决定将仲裁裁决争议部分发回仲裁庭重审;针对仲裁庭作出的第二份裁决,本案当事人再次基于同样的理由请求法院撤销仲裁裁决相关部分,对此,香港高等法院原讼法庭作出如下认定:仲裁庭的重新审理未能解决由于严重不当事件所造成的严重不公正,且该严重不当事件在仲裁程序中持续存在,因此,法院认为本案已不适合再将争议仲裁裁决发回仲裁庭重审,即决定撤销仲裁裁决的相关部分(“That reconsideration having failed to cure the substantial injustice caused by the serious irregularity, which continues, I can see no purpose infurther remitting the matter for further reconsideration. In other words, I am satisfied that it would be inappropriate to remit the matters.”)。

 

一、案情介绍

 

本案原告P(以下简称“原告”)与被告M(以下简称“被告”)为《建造合同》(Construction Contract)当事双方,根据仲裁协议,双方发生争议应提交至本地仲裁,适用《香港仲裁条例》《附表二》相关条款。后双方就合同款项的支付问题发生争议,被告作为仲裁申请人将双方争议提交至仲裁。

 

2018411日,仲裁庭作出裁决(以下简称“第一份裁决”),命令由原告向被告支付6,246,535.16港元的损失和费用以及利息,但原告作为仲裁被申请人对其中5,631,845.96港元部分存在争议(以下简称“争议金额”)。

 

根据《香港仲裁条例》《附表二》第42)(b)条和/或第42)(c)条以及第43)(c)条,或根据《示范法》第342)(ii)条,原告主张仲裁庭存在严重不当事件(Serious Irregularity),请求香港高等法院撤销第一份裁决中的争议金额部分。经认定,Mimmie Chan J法官认定本案存在严重不当事件,但认为将仲裁裁决争议部分发回仲裁庭重审是适当的,故决定将相关事项发回重审。

 

20181227日,仲裁庭再次作出一份裁决(以下简称“第二份裁决”),虽然理由不同于第一份裁决,但其仍作出了同第一份裁决相同的结论。

 

2019125日,原告基于同样理由,请求香港法院撤销第二份裁决中争议金额部分。

 

二、法院认定

 

(一)关于“第一份裁决”的认定

 

针对第一份裁决,原告主张,仲裁庭将被告附有费用明细的两份邮件认定为被告就其各项费用主张的通知(notification),但被告却未在仲裁程序中对该通知事实提出过任何主张,或将其作为其费用主张的依据,据此,仲裁庭以超越其管辖权以外的方式越权,或仲裁庭未按照各方议定的程序进行仲裁程序(“P claimed that the tribunal exceeded its powers and/or failed to conduct the arbitration in accordance with the procedure agreed by the parties, by finding in the First Award that M’s letter of 30 September 2013 (“September Letter”) and its email dated 20 November 2013 attaching a breakdown of costs(“November Breakdown”) constituted notification of M’s claims for site overheads and insurance costs, pursuant to and as required by GCC clauses 27 and 28 of the Contract (“GCC 27 and 28”), so as to entitle M to claim for and recover the Disputed Amount.”)。

 

对此,Mimmie Chan J法官认为,如果在仲裁程序中,被告方或者仲裁庭将附有费用明细的邮件认定为工程费用的内容告知于原告,原告方则将就相关邮件是否构成合同约定的通知义务进行答辩;但由于缺少上述的通知,就相关邮件的效力以及适当性问题,原告方被剥夺了向仲裁庭陈述案情并提出主张的公平机会(“In the absence of such notice, she considered that P had been deprived of the fair opportunity to present its case and to make submissions to the tribunal on the effect and adequacy of the September Letter and November Breakdown as proper notices under the Contract.”)。法官还认为,在考虑原告的相关主张后,仲裁庭就案件争议金额有可能得出不同的结论(“She thought it possible that the tribunal might have reached adifferent decision on M’s claim for the Disputed Amount, after hearing submissions from P.”)。

 

据此,Mimmie Chan J法官认定,由于原告作为仲裁被申请人未给予公平的机会(fair opportunity)陈述其主张,从而造成对原告的“实质性的不公正”(substantial injustice);但考虑到本案仲裁员不存在偏见或者不当行为,故认为发回原仲裁庭重审是适当的(“she noted that no bias or misconduct was alleged against the Arbitrator. The complaint was that P had been deprived of a fair opportunity to make submissions to the tribunal on whether the September Letter and November Breakdown can constitute (as found) valid notification of claims under the relevant provisions of GCC 27 and 28.”)。值得注意的是,Mimmie Chan J法官对仲裁庭重审的范围进行了明确地限制。

 

(二)关于“第二份裁决”的认定

 

针对第二份裁决,原告提出同第一份裁决相同的主张,首先,认为仲裁员超越权力,以及未按照各方议定的程序或依据法院要求进行仲裁程序(“First, P argues that the Arbitrator exceeded his powers and/or failed to conduct the proceedings in accordance with the procedure agreed by the parties or directed by the Court in the Judgment.”);其次,由于仲裁员对本案进行错误地认定,导致其不具有合理机会陈述其主张(“P argues that it was denied a reasonable opportunity and/or was unable to present its case in that the Arbitrator wrongly entered onto his own assessment.”)。此外,原告还提出,在发回重审后的仲裁程序中,仲裁员未回应此前原告提出的主张,却要求其对被告在重审中首次提出的新主张进行回应,而被告提出的新主张明显超过了发回重审的范围。考虑到第二份裁决存在的问题,再次发回该名仲裁员重审并无进一步好处,故主张再次将同样的问题发回重审在本案肯定是不适当的(“P submits that there is no further benefit in remitting the matters again to the Arbitrator, and it would certainly now be inappropriate for the same questions to be remitted again.”)。

 

对此,关于仲裁庭在作出第二份仲裁裁决是否存在越权的问题,香港高等法院原讼法庭作出如下认定:

 

法院提出,在本案中,程序瑕疵导致裁决被发回重审,但发回重审并不必然解决该瑕疵;法院认为,本案既存在程序上的不公正,也存在管辖问题上的错误(“Put simply, the procedural defects led to the remission, but were not necessarily cured simply by the fact of remission. In short, I do not accept Mr Cohen’s submissions that the error found was procedural unfairness error and not a jurisdictional error. In my view it was both.”)。据此,法院同意原告主张,如果本案的发回重审程序导致第二份裁决不符合之前法院的判决,以及先前认定的严重不当事件仍存在于后续仲裁程序中,故法院认为,仲裁员在发回重审程序中存在越权(“I accept Mr Pennicott’s submissions that if the remission procedure leading to the Second Award was not in compliance with the Judgment, then the previously identified serious irregularity was not complied with, and a further serious irregularity has occurred. The Arbitrator would have exceeded his powers upon remission. In my view, that is what occurred.”)。

 

综上,法院最终认定,由于仲裁庭的重新审理未能解决由于严重不当事件所造成的严重不公正,且该严重不当事件在仲裁程序中持续存在,因此,法院认为本案已不适合再将争议仲裁裁决发回仲裁庭重审,即决定撤销仲裁裁决的相关部分。

 

三、评析

 

本案涉及到的问题是,仲裁裁决被管辖法院决定发回重审后,仲裁庭的重新审理范围是否严格受重审决定的限制?在本案中,香港高等法院对此作出了一个肯定的答复,即仲裁庭重审范围应严格按照法院的重审决定进行,否则有可能构成越权(exceeding its powers upon remission。再者,由于当事人针对仲裁提出的两次异议均是仲裁庭在仲裁程序中存在“严重不当事件”(serious irregularity),仲裁庭在相关裁决发回重审后并未进行合理修正,导致第二次作出的裁决仍存在同样的程序瑕疵以及越权审理,故法院不再考虑发回仲裁庭重新审理,而是决定直接予以撤销。由此可见,仲裁庭在重审程序中应严格按照相关法院在重审决定中认定的重审范围,防止出现二次越权问题。