2019年5月30日,在Dickson Holdings Enterprise Co Ltd v. Moravia CV and Others [2019] HKCFI 1424一案中(判决请见:阅读原文),当事双方就股东协议中的仲裁协议适用范围发生争议,对此,香港法院认定本案争议有关董事信托纠纷,不属于股东协议中仲裁协议的管辖范围,故认定法院有权审理本案,驳回被告关于中止本案诉讼以优先仲裁的申请。
一、案情介绍
本案原告Dickson Holdings Enterprise(以下简称“原告”)与被告Moravia CV(以下简称“被告”)就中国的一项物业发展项目设立了一个香港公司(以下简称“公司”),并三方共同订立了一份《股东协议》(Shareholders’ Agreement)。
《股东协议》第4条约定:由本协议引起或与本协议有关的,或违反、终止本协议或使其无效的任何争议、纠纷或索赔,均应根据本协议生效之日起具有效力的《HKIAC仲裁规则》通过仲裁解决(“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled by arbitration under the Hong Kong International Centre Administered Arbitration Rules in force at the date of this Agreement”.)
后双方关系恶化,原告向法院提起诉讼,主张被告促使公司董事会通过了一项错误决议,在原告未收到任何董事会会议通知的情况下,决定没收原告股份。故主张被告违反了董事的信托义务,并请求其赔偿相应的损失;以及就公司的章程提出相应的索赔(由于未对董事会会议发出通知,以及错误地将没收条款适用于支付的股份)。
被告则请求法院中止诉讼,理由是本案争议属于由《股东协议》产生或与其有关的争议,故应当根据《股东协议》的仲裁协议优先将争议提交至仲裁。
二、法院认定:本案争议不属于《股东协议》仲裁协议范围内,驳回被告中止诉讼申请
法院认为,虽然根据英国判例Fiona Trust and Holding Corporation v. Privalov[2007] UKHL 40,仲裁协议中的“有关”一词应当做扩大解释(“providing that the words “relating to” should be interpreted broadly”),但法院仍本案争议不属于仲裁协议范围之内。关于股东协议仲裁协议范围的解释问题,具体认定如下:
首先,根据澳大利亚法院判例ACD Tridon Inc v.Tridon Australia Pty Ltd [2002] NSWSC 896,仲裁协议的范围不包括董事的公平责任为基础的纠纷(“where a claim based on the director’s equitable duties was not covered by the scope of the arbitration agreement;”);根据新加坡法院判例BTY v. BUA [2018] SGHC 213,在该案中,法院认为争议产生于公司章程,而非股东协议(“where the court held that the dispute arose out of the articles, not from the shareholders’ agreement.”)。除此以外,加拿大法院判例Bouchan v. Slipacoff, 2009 94 OR (3d)741 -58 BLR (4th) 96也曾认定,案件争议所涉仲裁协议的适用范围不够广泛,不足以涵盖有关股东胁迫的争议,而只能涵盖与股东协议解释有关的争议(“where the court held that the arbitration agreement in question was not wide enough to cover a claim on oppression of shareholder, but could only cover disputes on the interpretation of the shareholders’ agreement.”)所以,法院认定,通过判例可知,仲裁协议的范围并不一定能否涵盖所有争议(“Thus, the court found precedent to support its holding that the scope of the arbitration agreement in concern would not necessarily cover every dispute.”)。
其次,关于仲裁协议范围的具体认定,法院认为应当重点参考香港判例Newmark Capital Corporation Ltd and Others v. Coffee Partners Ltd and Another [2007] 1 HKLRD 718中的相关认定。在该案中,香港法院提出,如果公司章程约定有:如公司一方与任何成员或其执行人、管理人或受让人之间有任何分歧,与公司章程或公司法的真正意图以及相应后果有关,与在依据该法令时所做或执行、省略或遭受的任何事项有关,或与任何违反或指称违反或以其他方式与该处所或本章程有关,或与任何影响公司或公司任何事务的法令或条例有关,除非当事各方同意将其提交独任仲裁员或仲裁庭(“Whenever any difference arises between the Company on the one hand and any of the members or their executors, administrators or assigns on the other hand, touching the true intent and construction or the incidence or consequences of these Articles or of the Act, touching anything done or executed, omitted or suffered in the pursuance of the Act or touching any breach or alleged breach or otherwise relating to the premises or to these Articles, or to any Act or Ordinance affecting the Company or to any of the affairs of the Company such difference shall, unless the parties agree to refer the same to a single arbitrators, be referred to two arbitrators one to be chosen by each of the parties to the difference and the arbitrators shall before entering on the reference appoint an umpire.”),该条款还需进行修改以适用于股东协议,以起草更为详尽的条款适用于公司争议。在本案中,《股东协议》中关于仲裁协议的范围并未进行十分详尽的约定,当发生董事信托纠纷时,明显不应当属于股东协议中仲裁协议的管辖范围。
最后,法院还提出,在认定仲裁协议范围时需结合股东协议以及仲裁协议的起草情况,仲裁协议的范围通常取决于股东协议的范围。具体而言,在本案中,双方明确约定有,“与公司事务有关的规定有限”,故本案争议事项不属于股东协议中仲裁协议的管辖范围(“With respect, even bearing in mind the principles favouring a broad construction, I do not find it possible to ascribe to the clause the meaning contended for. First, although the Shareholders Agreement is expressed to have been entered into for the purpose of governing the parties’ relationship as shareholders in relation to the Company and for managing the affairs of the Company, it makes only relatively limited provisions with regard to the affairs of the Company.”)。
综上所述,基于上述理由,法院认为不应当中止本案诉讼,此外,被告也未能证明双方争议的程序事项以及实质内容属于仲裁协议的范围,故本案不存在任何中止诉讼的理由(“For the above reasons, I conclude that the petition should not bestruck out. Further, the respondents have not shown, even on a prima facie basis, that the matter or the substance of the dispute in these proceedings fall within the ambit of the arbitration clause. There is no other basis suggested for a stay of proceedings. The respondents’ summons filed on 14 June 2018 must therefore be dismissed.”)。
三、评析
本案中,香港法院为了对争议仲裁范围进行认定,参考了多个英美法系法院的相关判例,其中包括英国、新加坡、加拿大以及香港自身法院作出的判例,其认定思路基本遵循了既有的思路,也进一步稳固了法院对股东协议仲裁协议范围的认定方法。这一判决也将为法院如何解释类似的仲裁协议起一定指导意义,也能为公司在今后订立股东协议起草仲裁协议的范围提供一定的借鉴,值得我们保持关注。